What is happening when a back spasm occurs?
When a muscle in the back suddenly and unexpectedly contracts, this is a back spasm. It feels like an uncontrolled tightening, and may last for a brief second or continue to spasm until eased. Depending on the severity and location of the muscle spasming, it can feel like a brief annoyance; it can also cause acute pain for several hours.
What causes a back spasm?
Most frequently, back spasms occur when a muscle has a pre-existing condition, such as inflammation (swelling, redness, and tenderness). If an already swollen muscle is subjected to work such as pulling, twisting, or weight bearing associated with exercise, a spasm has the potential to occur. A first spasm can be seen as a warning to stop any exercise or movements. If the warning is ignored, however, then the pain can get sharper and last for several hours as the fibers in the muscles are stretched and/or torn.
Conditions Increasing the Probability of a Back Spasm
- Lordosis (An extreme curve of the spine that often results in the pelvis tipping too far forward. This causes the muscles in the lower back to exist in a prolonged state of tension.)
- Arthritis
- Ruptured discs
- Obesity
How are back spasms treated?
Fortunately, for all but the most severe back spasms, a wide range of at home treatments are available.
For prevention:
- Stomach strengthening exercises such as sit-up will help the muscles that counteract back spasms.
- Avoid exercise and sports while muscles are tender or swollen.
- Daily stretching, regardless of intensity of planned activities.
Immediately after detection:
- Rest
- Apply ice
- Apply sports cream with eucalyptus, peppermint, or camphor (look for products with a cold and slight tingling effect when applied to the skin)
If pain continues:
- Anti-inflammatory medication
- Three days after injury, hot and cold alternating treatments may be used, with an approximate ratio of 15 minutes of hot water or a heating pad, and 5 minutes of cold water or ice pack.
If pain persists for more than three days, it may be a good idea to consult a health professional who will be able to recommend further treatments or techniques. A back spasm can be painful and startling; fortunately, there are a variety of methods to prevent and manage the pain.